Gov. Ned Lamont proposed a two-year, $46 billion budget Wednesday that relies on federal funding and state reserves to close a major deficit without significant tax hikes while bolstering aid for municipalities and school districts.
But the package also leaves Connecticut with several budget challenges to be resolved in the not-so-distant future.
The package would channel more than $400 million in emergency federal relief to low-performing school districts. But it also would suspend plans to bolster regular state-funded aid for municipal schools by $90 million in the next two-year budget cycle.
Municipalities also would share receipts from a new tax on marijuana — at the same time a more lucrative sales tax revenue-sharing plan to assist towns remains in limbo. Lamont also sought more revenues for the state by expanding and imposing fees on online sports betting and by launching internet lottery sales.
Lamont did not propose tolls this year as he did in the last two, but he did call for a new mileage-based highway tax on large trucks and also proposes the state shift a huge portion of sales tax receipts into Connecticut’s cash-starved transportation program.
[Lamont’s budget keeps transportation program afloat through 2026 with new truck fee]
While the governor was able to steer clear of tax hikes, his plan would cancel more than $170 million per year in previously approved tax cuts, while offering the sixth amnesty program for tax delinquents in the past three decades. And though the governor did not seek concessions from labor unions, his plan does rely on more than $300 million in labor savings over the next two years that could be very hard to achieve.
Still, Lamont was facced with many tough choices. State analysts projected Connecticut’s finances, unless adjusted, would run more than $1.7 billion in deficit annually through mid-2026.
“Let’s face it, the Connecticut budget is still burdened with high fixed costs accumulated over the decades,” the governor said in his budget address. “Connecticut will have to remain agile in meeting these changing circumstances, but that being said, I would not change our hand with any other state in the country.”
The governor’s proposal, which would appropriate $22.6 billion in the 2021-22 fiscal year and $23.4 billion in 2022-23, boosts spending 2% in the first year and 3.5% in the second.
And while acknowledging that the coronavirus pandemic “drew into sharp focus” Connecticut’s health and educational disparities, particularly along racial lines, Lamont said reversing that has to be balanced against the cost of reviving the economy as well as the state’s financial limitations.
[In budget speech, a governor caught between a desire for social justice and fiscal restraint]
The governor did not propose expanding Medicaid eligibility to cover more poor residents, as many of his fellow Democrats in the legislature demanded, and he proposed reinstating an asset test within that program.
The governor also did not recommend a rate increase for the private, nonprofit agencies that deliver the bulk of state-sponsored social services, but did propose additional funding to cover increased caseloads.
Budget ‘does not meet the moment’
The governor’s proposal quickly drew mixed reactions from legislators.
‘There were things in this budget that certainly are going to be very attractive to our caucus — municipal aid, minority teacher recruitment, higher education, workforce development,” said House Speaker Matt Ritter, D-Hartford. “But obviously, the legislature is going to have its own ideas.”
Ritter offered no odds on the passage of legalized marijuana or the expansion of gambling, but he said the time had come for both.
Sen. John Fonfara, D-Hartford, co-chair of the tax-writing Finance Committee, said Lamont and the legislature should not be afraid to draw down the budget reserve fund, and he has concerns about what the governor’s plan could mean for the out years. Lamont has refused to raise taxes on the wealthy, but some lawmakers question what will happen with state programs when the federal coronavirus relief funds are gone.
“Here’s the reality,” Fonfara said. “The budget reserve fund is there to protect us in tough times, but we’re building a budget around revenue that is volatile.”
And while the top Republicans in the House and Senate don’t support tax increases, they also said Lamont’s plan is too reliant on temporary dollars from Washington.
“That’s not how you’d plan a family budget,” said Senate Minority Leader Kevin Kelly of Stratford.
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“I don’t know what I’d call this budget,” added Kelly’s House counterpart Rep. Vincent J. Candelora of North Branford. “I wouldn’t call it really a conservative budget or a liberal budget,” he said. “It’s sort of a mediocre budget.”
Sen. Saud Anwar, one of 30 Democratic lawmakers who urged Lamont to invest millions of dollars more in education, health care and municipal aid — particularly those communities devastated by the coronavirus — said Lamont’s budget simply “does not meet the moment.”
Anwar, South Windsor physician, added that “We are experiencing a once-in-a-century event” that already has claimed more than 7,200 lives in Connecticut. “Right now this budget is leaving a lot of people we all care about behind.”
Federal funding to the rescue
Lamont has warned for months that, despite the pandemic, Connecticut could not afford to be too aggressive with its spending.
Analysts warned in November that state finances, unless adjusted, would run $4.3 billion in the red over the next two fiscal years combined. A rosier revenue forecast in January whittled that shortfall down to about $2.6 billion, or roughly $1.3 billion per year. But that still represents more than 6% of the budget’s General Fund — an imposing gap.
Still, Congress authorized major new relief for education and housing in December that includes nearly $1 billion for Connecticut.
And President Joe Biden has asked Congress to direct about $350 billion to states and municipalities that could be used not only to cover COVID-19-related expenses, but also to cover other budget costs.
At first glance, Lamont’s proposal relies on less federal aid than pre-pandemic years. The budget projects $1.55 billion used in the General Fund next year, compared with more than $2 billion in 2019.
But that’s mostly a function of how Connecticut accounts for relief from Washington.
[Lamont keeps school funding on auto-pilot, despite calls to end ‘funding discrimination’]
Lamont’s budget counts on an average of $875 million over the next two fiscal years that will come from emergency federal stimulus.
And the budget numbers also don’t cite the billions of dollars in federal reimbursements for Medicaid costs Connecticut receives annually. That reimbursement has grown by hundreds of millions of dollars since the pandemic began.
Rainy day fund likely will be tapped
Office of Policy and Management Secretary Melissa McCaw, Lamont’s budget director, said that while the administration is optimistic the new Congress and president will channel more aid to states, it has a back-up plan as well.
If Washington remains dysfunctional, Lamont will tap Connecticut’s $3 billion rainy day fund.
But this approach is likely to spark objections from many of the governor’s fellow Democrats in the state House and Senate majorities.
Progressive Democrats argue Connecticut should leverage federal dollars and tap its emergency reserves to help those hardest hit by the pandemic, noting that more than 200,000 filers still are receiving weekly unemployment benefits.
[Municipalities win in short term, lose over long haul with Lamont’s new budget]
By comparison, Connecticut lost 120,000 jobs in the last recession, which ran from December 2007 through mid-2009.
Still, Lamont said the state’s fiscal position is stronger than most other states, and its rainy day fund is a reflection of his administration’s efforts to control spending and keep tax rates down.
“I’ve always said, we don’t need more taxes, we need more taxpayers, and they are already paying dividends as you can see by our balanced budget,” the governor said.
No major tax hikes — but other relief canceled
Still, Lamont’s budget would generate more than $170 million in new tax revenue in each year by deferring previously approved tax cuts.
Previously approved tax breaks for retired teachers, middle-class income taxpayers, and corporations would be postponed.
“This budget puts even more burdens on middle class families who are struggling to make ends meet,” Kelly said.
Still, the plan drew praise from the Connecticut Business and Industry Association, which noted the governor’s focus on keeping taxes down while businesses are struggling.
[Lamont unveils plans to reduce cost of health care, cap price of prescription drugs]
“Recovering from the coronavirus pandemic is the first step to growing Connecticut’s economy,” said CBIA President and CEO Chris DiPentima. “It requires collaboration between Democrats, Republicans, the private and public sectors. We’re all in this recovery together.”
But Salvatore Luciano, head of the Connecticut AFL-CIO, said Lamont’s two-year plan is far from inclusive.
The governor balanced the books on roughly $300 million of risky assumptions involving labor costs.
First, Lamont wants to restructure contributions to the state employees retirement system for the second time since he took office in 2019. This would save $160 million over the next two fiscal years combined. But by not making the full pension contribution now, the state would lose millions in potential investment earnings in future years.
Lamont cannot make that change unilaterally, and would need the approval of state employee unions — who may not be inclined to help him. While this new budget does not seek wage concessions, it assumes no raises for all bargaining unit contracts currently open for negotiations. This would save $140 million over the next two years, provided unions agree.
“I think that might be problematic,” Luciano said. Unions agreed to forfeit four years of wage hikes through concessions deals in 2009, 2011 and 2017. “How many zeroes have they taken already,” he said, referring to the number of raises union employees have passed up.
If unions resist the governor’s request, the matter would be decided in arbitration.
State government should be “about making sure our economic recovery is shared by everyone,” Luciano added. “It appears that Governor Lamont was wearing rose-colored glasses when he drafted this budget.”
Taxing marijuana sales and an amnesty program for tax delinquents
Lamont also wants to launch Connecticut’s sixth tax amnesty program since 1990. This is projected to generate around $40 million in one-time revenue.
But critics have attacked these programs on two grounds.
First, they typically offer more relief to wealthy taxpayers than to low-income households, many of which can’t afford the legal assistance to dispute taxes obligations over long periods of time.
And by holding them frequently, it creates a disincentive for delinquent taxpayers to settle accounts, critics also have charged, because they know the next time that penalties or interest will be waived is just around the corner. Connecticut offered similar programs in 1990, 1995, 2002, 2009 and 2013.
The governor’s budget also supports taxation and regulation of marijuana sales for recreational use — and potentually sharing about a portion of the annual receipts with cities and towns.
[Lamont to outline fast-track blueprint for recreational pot]
The administration projects this initiative would generate almost $40 million by 2023, with $6 million going to distressed communities.
But municipalities would have to decide whether to add a 3% excise tax to the 6.5% sales tax and 9.5% state excise levy that also would be applied to cannabis sales.
When the legislature’s nonpartisan Office of Fiscal Analysis last projected receipts from taxing marijuana in 2017, it estimated an annual revenue of $115 million — but that also recognized it could take several years for total receipts to reach that mark.
Pro-commercialization advocates have suggested Connecticut’s annual take eventually could be $170 million or more a year.
Lamont also hopes to generate almost $50 million per year by 2022-23 by setting fees on online sports betting and by launching internet lottery and keno sales.
But McCaw said that initiative will hinge on negotiations with the Mohegan and Mashantucket Pequot tribes — which run casinos in southeastern Connecticut and have a longstanding agreement with the state which gives them exclusive jurisdiction over certain forms of gambling.